|
Universal Neonatal/Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) is a strategy for early detection of permanent congenital hearing loss. It describes the use of objective testing methods (usually otoacoustic emission (OAE) testing or automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) testing) to screen the hearing of well newborns in a particular target region. This screening separates children into two groups—those with a high index of suspicion (more likely to have permanent congenital hearing loss) and those with a low index of suspicion (less likely to have permanent congenital hearing loss). Those in the first group are referred for diagnostic testing. Newborn hearing screening is becoming popular as it aims to reduce the age of detection for hearing loss—meaning that diagnosed children can receive early intervention, which is more effective because the brain's ability to learn language (spoken or signed) reduces as the child ages.〔Downs MP, Yoshinaga-Itano, C. The efficacy of early identification and intervention for children with hearing impairment. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999; 46:79-87.〕 Children born with permanent congenital hearing loss have historically performed worse educationally, had poorer language acquisition, social functioning and vocational choices than their hearing peers.〔Mayberry RI, Lock, E., Kazmi, H. Linguistic ability and early language exposure. Nature 2002; 417:38.〕〔Johnson JS, Newport, E. L. Critical period effects on universal properties of language: The status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. Cognition 1991; 39:215-58.〕〔Yoshinaga-Itano C. From screening to early identification and intervention: Discovering predictors to successful outcomes for children with significant hearing loss. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 2003; 1.〕〔Neville H, Bavelier, D. Human brain plasticity: evidence from sensory deprivation and altered language experience. Prog Brain Res 2002; 138:177-88.〕 Interventions for children with permanent congenital hearing loss ranges from devices that amplify sound (e.g., hearing aids) to devices that replace the function of a damaged inner ear (cochlear implants) and spoken and sign language support. Newborn hearing screening programmes exist in many countries, including the United States,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EHDI Programs - Hearing Loss - NCBDDD - CDC )〕 the United Kingdom 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NHS Newborn Hearing Screening Programme Home Page )〕 and New Zealand.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Programme )〕 ==Prevalence of Congenital Hearing Loss== Hearing loss in neonates is the most common congenital sensory disorder. Research has placed the prevalence of significant permanent hearing loss in neonates at 1-2 per 1000 live births.〔Universal Newborn Hearing Screening: Summary of Evidence Diane C. Thompson, Heather McPhillips, Robert L. Davis, Tracy A. Lieu, Charles J. Homer, Mark Helfand JAMA. 2001;286(16):2000-2010. 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Universal Newborn Hearing Screening )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Universal neonatal hearing screening」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|